Noise pollution or noise
disturbance is the disturbing
or excessive noise that
may harm the activity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most
outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines and transportation
systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, and trains. Outdoor noise is summarized by the
word environmental noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution,
since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise
pollution in the residential areas.
Indoor noise can be caused by machines, building activities, and music
performances, especially in some workplaces. Noise-induced
hearing loss can be caused by
outside or inside noise.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans and
an increased incidence of coronary artery disease.. In animals, noise can
increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and
avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to
permanent hearing loss.
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological
molecules, or other harmful materials into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other
living organisms such as food crops, or the natural
or built environment. Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources.
The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous system
that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone
depletion due to air pollution has been recognized as a threat to
human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. This form of environmental
degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies
without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution affects the entire biosphere –
plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the
effect is damaging not only to individual species and population, but also to the natural biological communities.
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